NTRCA college written syllabus

E:\NTRCA\Exam\17th Exam'20\Written\Syllabus\Written_College level_17th Exam-2020 (1-52 code) (Main).doc    44 
- define the important terms  
of Gymnosperm 
- compare with pteridophytes 
and Angiosperms 
 
- characterize of different 
groups of Gymnosperm 
- evaluate life cycle and 
importance of Gymnospermic 
genera.  
Introduction: habit, habitat, characteristic features, 
Classification and economic importance of 
Gymnosperm. 
 
Comparative account of Gymnosperm with Pteridophyte 
and Angiosperm. 
Characteristics of Cycadofilicales, Bennettitales, 
Cycadales, Ginkgoales, Coniferales and Gnetales.  
Life history of Cycas, Pinus and Gnetum. 
Unit 5 (Question 5) 10 
 Palaeobotany  
- define the important items of 
Palaeobotany 
- describe geological time 
scale of the earth 
- explain fossils and 
fossilization process. 
Introduction: definition and scope of palaeobotany.  
Types of fossil and fossilization process. 
Geological time scale of the earth. appearance and 
extinction of life forms in different geological periods. 
Fossil Gymnosperms: Lyginopteris, Cycadeoidea 
 Anatomy  
- define and characterize 
important items of Plant 
Anatomy. 
- illustrate p lant tissues and 
tissue systems.  
- compare related topics of 
anatomy. 
- describe root, stem anatomy 
of plant. 
Meristematic tissue and permanent tissue; structure and 
function of parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma. 
 
Tissue systems: vascular tissue system and function. 
Normal and secondary growth in dicot and monocot stem 
and root.  
Root stem transition. 
Wood anatomy: physical and chemical nature of wood. 
 Embryology  
- define embryological terms 
- illustrate Microsporogenesis 
and Megasporogenesis 
- describe fertilization process  
- apply embryological 
characters in Taxonomy   
- identify the embryological 
study  
- analyze embryogenesis. 
Microsporogenesis and male gametophytes development.  
Megasporogenesis and female gametophytes 
development.  
 
Fertilization: process, double fertilization.  
Different types of ovules.  
Endosperm: types of endosperm formation -nuclear, 
cellular  and helobial.  
Embryogenesis: development of dicot embryo. 
Polyembryony: types, causes and importance.  
Apomixis: types, causes and significance.  
Unit 6 (Question 6) 10 
 Taxonomy of Angiosperms  
- define basic concept, ICBN 
and the important components 
of Taxonomy 
- explain origin and 
phylogeny of Angiosperms 
 
- describe classification 
systems of Angiosperms 
Basic concept and scope of angiosperm of taxonomy.  
Nomenclature: ICBN, name of taxa, binomial 
nomenclature, publication, typification, principle of 
priority, nomina conservanda and author citation. 
Origin and phylogeny of angiosperms,  
System of classification: artificial: Linnaeus; natural: 
Benthum and Hooker; phylogenetic: Hutchinson, an d 
Cronquist.